We use a continuum of needs known as “The Windscreen” model to show how a child’s needs may move backwards and forwards through universal, additional, multiple and in need of immediate care and protection.

Universal Services

Universal services are those services which are available to all children, young people and their
families. Most children achieve the five outcomes set out in Every Child Matters through the care of their families and the support of a range of universally provided services, for example schools, primary health care and leisure facilities. However, early identification of children with additional needs is critical in making sure targeted services can intervene early. If ignored, these issues could develop and lead to poorer life chances or the need for more intrusive interventions.

Intervention is most likely to be successful if it:

• Is child centred and non-stigmatising
• Involves and empowers the family
• Is provided within the community, with a good understanding of what support and facilities are available e.g. certain school based staff
• Can be provided straightaway and not after a long wait for an appointment

Children with additional needs

A child or young person identified as having additional needs can be defined as needing some additional support without which they would be at risk of not reaching their full potential. The additional support may relate to health, social or educational issues. They may have difficulty making a transition from primary to secondary school, their development may be delayed, they may break the law or have emotional difficulties. Other needs may arise because of their own development, family circumstances or environmental factors.

Children with multiple needs

A child or young person whose needs are not fully met due to the range, depth or significance of their needs and whose life chances will be jeopardised without remedial intervention/support. These children will require a more co-ordinated multi-agency response, within or between agencies. A lead practitioner would be identified to coordinate intervention and complete the CAF process, including a team around the child meeting or discussion.

Children in need and those at risk of harm and potential harm

A child or young person with complex needs who will be subjected to specialist assessment and will include children who are:

• Children identified as being ‘in need’ under S17 of the Children Act
• Looked After Children

Concerns that a child or young person is in need or at risk of significant harm must be referred directly to the Initial Response Team, Safeguarding in accordance with Sunderland Safeguarding Children Board procedures.